Scope 1 emissions are direct greenhouse (GHG) emissions that occur from sources that are controlled or owned by an organization. These include GHG emissions associated with fuel combustion in both stationary and mobile sources, such as in boilers, furnaces, vehicles, as well as pipelines and other infrastructure.
Direct GHG emissions from stationary (non-transport) combustion of fossil fuels at a facility, such as combustion within boilers, turbines, process heating, but also end-uses like space or water heating, and appliances.
Direct GHG emissions associated with fuel combustion in owned or operated mobile sources, such as on-road vehicles (passenger vehicles, trucks) and off-road vehicles (planes, ships) or equipment (construction, agricultural, etc).
Direct GHG emissions from refrigeration and air conditioning systems, fire suppression systems, and the purchase and release of industrial gasses for certain industries.
| Chemical | 100-Year Global Warming Potentials |
|---|---|
| HFC-23 | 14,800 |
| HFC-32 | 675 |
| HFC-125 | 3,500 |
| HFC-134a | 1,430 |
| HFC-143a | 4,470 |
| HFC-152a | 124 |
| HFC-227ea | 3,220 |
| HFC-236fa | 9,810 |
| Chemical | 100-Year Global Warming Potentials |
|---|---|
| HFC-23 | 14,800 |
| HFC-125 | 3,500 |
| HFC-134a | 1,430 |
| HFC-227ea | 3,220 |
| HFC-236fa | 9,810 |
| PFC-143 (CF4) | 7,390 |
| PFC-31-10 (C4F10) | 8,860 |
| Chemical | 100-Year Global Warming Potentials |
|---|---|
| HFC-134a | 1,430 |
| HFC-152a | 124 |
| HFC-227ea | 3,220 |
| Chemical | 100-Year Global Warming Potentials |
|---|---|
| HFC-245fa | 1,030 |
| HFC-365mfc | 794 |
| HFC-43-10mee | 1,640 |
| Chemical | 100-Year Global Warming Potentials |
|---|---|
| HFC-365mfc | 794 |
| HFC-43-10mee | 1,640 |
| PFC-51-144 (C6F14) | 9,300 |
| Chemical | 100-Year Global Warming Potentials |
|---|---|
| HFC-134a | 1,430 |
| HFC-152a | 124 |
| HFC-227ea | 3,220 |
| HFC-245fa | 1,030 |
| HFC-365mfc | 794 |
| Chemical | 100-Year Global Warming Potentials |
|---|---|
| HFC-134a | 1,430 |
| HFC-227ea | 3,220 |
| PFC-116 (C2F6) | 12,200 |
Direct GHG emissions from various sectors also have process-related sources that are specific to various industrial processes and material inputs, such as waste management, agriculture, oil and gas, manufacturing etc.
Scope 2 emissions are indirect GHG emissions associated with the purchase of electricity, steam, heat, or cooling. While scope 2 emissions occur at the facility where they are physically generated (power plants or heating units), they are often accounted for in an organization’s GHG inventory because they are a result of that organization’s energy consumption.
Usually either purchased (in kWh or MWh) from a utility or an energy supplier. Onsite combustion of fossil fuels to convert to electricity via plants owned by the organization will be counted as their stationary combustion, and thus scope 1.
Usually purchased from a supplier in weight or BTUs, often with power generation. Steam capacity is often transferred for use in buildings, such as for cooking, but also industrial applications in turbines. If the combustion leading to the steam is conducted in equipment owned by the organization, the fuel source being used would be counted as their scope 1 emissions.
Usually purchased from a supplier in weight or BTUs, often with power (co)generation. The heat generated in such centralized locations is distributed through a system of insulated pipes for a buildings’ heating requirements such as space heating and water heating. If the biomass, fossil-fuel or renewable energy-based co-generation plant is owned by the organization, the fuel usage will be reported as their scope 1 stationary emissions.
A district cooling system uses water chilled by cooling plants (chillers or residual heat for cooling) which travels from the upstream plant to the organizations’ buildings to cool the space. Fossil or renewable feedstock used in these systems, if owned by the organization, would be reported as their scope 1 emissions.
Inventory protocol
Scope 1 emissions are direct greenhouse (GHG) emissions that occur from sources that are controlled or owned by an industrial organization. These include GHG emissions associated with fuel combustion in both stationary and mobile sources, such as in boilers, furnaces, vehicles, as well as pipelines and other infrastructure, through process emissions.
Direct GHG emissions from stationary (non-transport) combustion of fossil fuels at an industrial facility, such as combustion within boilers, turbines, process heating, but also end-uses like space or water heating, and appliances within a factory.
Direct GHG emissions associated with fuel combustion in owned or operated mobile sources, such as on-road vehicles (passenger vehicles, trucks) and off-road vehicles (planes, ships) or equipment (construction, agricultural, etc).
Waste generated in operations includes emissions from third-party disposal and treatment of waste generated in the reporting company’s owned or controlled operations in the reporting year. This category includes emissions from disposal of both solid waste and wastewater.
Examples of Waste generated in operations across the value chain and corresponding scope and emissions category.
Waste types and categories range from organic to inorganic and are summarized below:
| Paper |
Corrugated Containers, Magazines/Third-class Mail, Newspaper, Office Paper, Phonebooks, Textbooks, Mixed Paper (general), Mixed Paper (primarily residential), Mixed Paper (primarily from offices) |
|
| Food Waste |
Food Waste, Food Waste (non-meat), Food Waste (meat only), Beef, Poultry, Grains, Bread, Fruits and Vegetables, Dairy Products |
|
| Yard Trimmings |
Yard Trimmings, Grass, Leaves, Branches |
|
| Mixed Plastics |
High Density Polyethylene, Low Density Polyethylene, Polyethylene Terephthalate, Linear Low Density Polyethylene, Polyethylene, Polystyrene, Polyvinyl Chloride,Mixed Plastics |
|
| Bioplastics |
Polylactic Acid |
|
| Electronics |
Desktop CPUs, Portable Electronic Devices, Flat-Panel Displays, CRT Displays, Electronic Peripherals, Hard-Copy Devices, Mixed Electronics |
|
| Metals |
Aluminum Cans, Aluminum Ingot, Steel Cans, Copper Wire, Mixed Metals |
|
| Glass |
Glass |
|
| Construction Materials |
Asphalt Concrete, Asphalt Shingles, Carpet, Clay Bricks, Concrete, Dimensional Lumber, Drywall, Fiberglass Insulation, Fly Ash, Medium-density Fiberboard, Structural Steel, Vinyl Flooring, Wood Flooring |
|
| Tires |
Tires |
|
| Mixed Materials |
Mixed Recyclables, Mixed Organics, Mixed Municipal Solid Waste |
Waste treatment processes that chemically or physically alter waste material types above are impact the level of emissions. The major processes are shown below:
| Process type | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Reclaimed | This is the conversion of solid wastes into useful products, for example, composting organic waste to make soil conditioners, or separating metals like aluminium and others for melting and recycling.
|
|
| Recycled | This is the process of collecting, processing or converting wasted materials that would otherwise be thrown away into the landfill them into new materials, objects or products.
|
|
| Landfilled | This is the process of disposing of items into a dump site for waste materials. Due to the nature of the materials being disposed, contamination of air, soil and ground water is fairly common.
|
|
| Combusted | This is the controlled or confined burning of substances in an enclosed area, as a means of treating and disposing of hazardous waste as well as possibly recover energy.
|
|
| Composted | This is the process of recycling organic materials, such as yard trimmings, food waste, scraps and leaves, etc. into an amendment that can be used to enrich soil and plants.
|
|
| Anaerobically-Digested | This is a series of processes used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste and wastewater or to produce fuels, in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material.
|
Scope 2 emissions are indirect GHG emissions associated with the purchase of electricity, steam, heat, or cooling and other non-process industrial usage. While scope 2 emissions occur at the industrial facility where they are physically generated (power plants or heating units), they are often accounted for in an organization’s GHG inventory because they are a result of that organization’s energy consumption within industrial locations.
Usually either purchased (in kWh or MWh) from a utility or an energy supplier and delivered to the industrial plant. Onsite combustion of fossil fuels to convert to electricity via plants owned by the organization will be counted as their stationary combustion, and thus scope 1.
Scope 3 emissions refer to greenhouse gas emissions that occur as a result of the activities of a company, but which occur outside of its direct control or ownership. These emissions are sometimes called "value chain" emissions because they are generated by activities within the company's value chain, including the production, transportation, and use of the company's products and services.
Waste generated in operations includes emissions from third-party disposal and treatment of waste generated in the reporting company’s owned or controlled operations in the reporting year. This category includes emissions from disposal of both solid waste and wastewater.
Examples of Waste generated in operations across the value chain and corresponding scope and emissions category.
Waste types and categories range from organic to inorganic and are summarized below:
| Paper |
Corrugated Containers, Magazines/Third-class Mail, Newspaper, Office Paper, Phonebooks, Textbooks, Mixed Paper (general), Mixed Paper (primarily residential), Mixed Paper (primarily from offices) |
|
| Food Waste |
Food Waste, Food Waste (non-meat), Food Waste (meat only), Beef, Poultry, Grains, Bread, Fruits and Vegetables, Dairy Products |
|
| Yard Trimmings |
Yard Trimmings, Grass, Leaves, Branches |
|
| Mixed Plastics |
High Density Polyethylene, Low Density Polyethylene, Polyethylene Terephthalate, Linear Low Density Polyethylene, Polyethylene, Polystyrene, Polyvinyl Chloride,Mixed Plastics |
|
| Bioplastics |
Polylactic Acid |
|
| Electronics |
Desktop CPUs, Portable Electronic Devices, Flat-Panel Displays, CRT Displays, Electronic Peripherals, Hard-Copy Devices, Mixed Electronics |
|
| Metals |
Aluminum Cans, Aluminum Ingot, Steel Cans, Copper Wire, Mixed Metals |
|
| Glass |
Glass |
|
| Construction Materials |
Asphalt Concrete, Asphalt Shingles, Carpet, Clay Bricks, Concrete, Dimensional Lumber, Drywall, Fiberglass Insulation, Fly Ash, Medium-density Fiberboard, Structural Steel, Vinyl Flooring, Wood Flooring |
|
| Tires |
Tires |
|
| Mixed Materials |
Mixed Recyclables, Mixed Organics, Mixed Municipal Solid Waste |
Waste treatment processes that chemically or physically alter waste material types above are impact the level of emissions. The major processes are shown below:
| Process type | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Reclaimed | This is the conversion of solid wastes into useful products, for example, composting organic waste to make soil conditioners, or separating metals like aluminium and others for melting and recycling.
|
|
| Recycled | This is the process of collecting, processing or converting wasted materials that would otherwise be thrown away into the landfill them into new materials, objects or products.
|
|
| Landfilled | This is the process of disposing of items into a dump site for waste materials. Due to the nature of the materials being disposed, contamination of air, soil and ground water is fairly common.
|
|
| Combusted | This is the controlled or confined burning of substances in an enclosed area, as a means of treating and disposing of hazardous waste as well as possibly recover energy.
|
|
| Composted | This is the process of recycling organic materials, such as yard trimmings, food waste, scraps and leaves, etc. into an amendment that can be used to enrich soil and plants.
|
|
| Anaerobically-Digested | This is a series of processes used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste and wastewater or to produce fuels, in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material.
|
Scope 1 emissions are direct greenhouse (GHG) emissions that occur from sources that are controlled or owned by an industrial organization. These include GHG emissions associated with fuel combustion in both stationary and mobile sources, such as in boilers, furnaces, vehicles, as well as pipelines and other infrastructure, through process emissions.
Direct GHG emissions from various sectors also have process-related sources that are specific to various industrial processes and material inputs, such as waste management, agriculture, oil and gas, manufacturing etc.
Waste generated in operations includes emissions from third-party disposal and treatment of waste generated in the reporting company’s owned or controlled operations in the reporting year. This category includes emissions from disposal of both solid waste and wastewater.
Examples of Waste generated in operations across the value chain and corresponding scope and emissions category.
Waste types and categories range from organic to inorganic and are summarized below:
| Paper |
Corrugated Containers, Magazines/Third-class Mail, Newspaper, Office Paper, Phonebooks, Textbooks, Mixed Paper (general), Mixed Paper (primarily residential), Mixed Paper (primarily from offices) |
|
| Food Waste |
Food Waste, Food Waste (non-meat), Food Waste (meat only), Beef, Poultry, Grains, Bread, Fruits and Vegetables, Dairy Products |
|
| Yard Trimmings |
Yard Trimmings, Grass, Leaves, Branches |
|
| Mixed Plastics |
High Density Polyethylene, Low Density Polyethylene, Polyethylene Terephthalate, Linear Low Density Polyethylene, Polyethylene, Polystyrene, Polyvinyl Chloride,Mixed Plastics |
|
| Bioplastics |
Polylactic Acid |
|
| Electronics |
Desktop CPUs, Portable Electronic Devices, Flat-Panel Displays, CRT Displays, Electronic Peripherals, Hard-Copy Devices, Mixed Electronics |
|
| Metals |
Aluminum Cans, Aluminum Ingot, Steel Cans, Copper Wire, Mixed Metals |
|
| Glass |
Glass |
|
| Construction Materials |
Asphalt Concrete, Asphalt Shingles, Carpet, Clay Bricks, Concrete, Dimensional Lumber, Drywall, Fiberglass Insulation, Fly Ash, Medium-density Fiberboard, Structural Steel, Vinyl Flooring, Wood Flooring |
|
| Tires |
Tires |
|
| Mixed Materials |
Mixed Recyclables, Mixed Organics, Mixed Municipal Solid Waste |
Waste treatment processes that chemically or physically alter waste material types above are impact the level of emissions. The major processes are shown below:
| Process type | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Reclaimed | This is the conversion of solid wastes into useful products, for example, composting organic waste to make soil conditioners, or separating metals like aluminium and others for melting and recycling.
|
|
| Recycled | This is the process of collecting, processing or converting wasted materials that would otherwise be thrown away into the landfill them into new materials, objects or products.
|
|
| Landfilled | This is the process of disposing of items into a dump site for waste materials. Due to the nature of the materials being disposed, contamination of air, soil and ground water is fairly common.
|
|
| Combusted | This is the controlled or confined burning of substances in an enclosed area, as a means of treating and disposing of hazardous waste as well as possibly recover energy.
|
|
| Composted | This is the process of recycling organic materials, such as yard trimmings, food waste, scraps and leaves, etc. into an amendment that can be used to enrich soil and plants.
|
|
| Anaerobically-Digested | This is a series of processes used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste and wastewater or to produce fuels, in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material.
|
Direct GHG emissions associated with fuel combustion in owned or operated mobile sources, such as on-road vehicles (passenger vehicles, trucks) and off-road vehicles (planes, ships) or equipment (construction, agricultural, etc).
Waste generated in operations includes emissions from third-party disposal and treatment of waste generated in the reporting company’s owned or controlled operations in the reporting year. This category includes emissions from disposal of both solid waste and wastewater.
Examples of Waste generated in operations across the value chain and corresponding scope and emissions category.
Waste types and categories range from organic to inorganic and are summarized below:
| Paper |
Corrugated Containers, Magazines/Third-class Mail, Newspaper, Office Paper, Phonebooks, Textbooks, Mixed Paper (general), Mixed Paper (primarily residential), Mixed Paper (primarily from offices) |
|
| Food Waste |
Food Waste, Food Waste (non-meat), Food Waste (meat only), Beef, Poultry, Grains, Bread, Fruits and Vegetables, Dairy Products |
|
| Yard Trimmings |
Yard Trimmings, Grass, Leaves, Branches |
|
| Mixed Plastics |
High Density Polyethylene, Low Density Polyethylene, Polyethylene Terephthalate, Linear Low Density Polyethylene, Polyethylene, Polystyrene, Polyvinyl Chloride,Mixed Plastics |
|
| Bioplastics |
Polylactic Acid |
|
| Electronics |
Desktop CPUs, Portable Electronic Devices, Flat-Panel Displays, CRT Displays, Electronic Peripherals, Hard-Copy Devices, Mixed Electronics |
|
| Metals |
Aluminum Cans, Aluminum Ingot, Steel Cans, Copper Wire, Mixed Metals |
|
| Glass |
Glass |
|
| Construction Materials |
Asphalt Concrete, Asphalt Shingles, Carpet, Clay Bricks, Concrete, Dimensional Lumber, Drywall, Fiberglass Insulation, Fly Ash, Medium-density Fiberboard, Structural Steel, Vinyl Flooring, Wood Flooring |
|
| Tires |
Tires |
|
| Mixed Materials |
Mixed Recyclables, Mixed Organics, Mixed Municipal Solid Waste |
Waste treatment processes that chemically or physically alter waste material types above are impact the level of emissions. The major processes are shown below:
| Process type | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Reclaimed | This is the conversion of solid wastes into useful products, for example, composting organic waste to make soil conditioners, or separating metals like aluminium and others for melting and recycling.
|
|
| Recycled | This is the process of collecting, processing or converting wasted materials that would otherwise be thrown away into the landfill them into new materials, objects or products.
|
|
| Landfilled | This is the process of disposing of items into a dump site for waste materials. Due to the nature of the materials being disposed, contamination of air, soil and ground water is fairly common.
|
|
| Combusted | This is the controlled or confined burning of substances in an enclosed area, as a means of treating and disposing of hazardous waste as well as possibly recover energy.
|
|
| Composted | This is the process of recycling organic materials, such as yard trimmings, food waste, scraps and leaves, etc. into an amendment that can be used to enrich soil and plants.
|
|
| Anaerobically-Digested | This is a series of processes used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste and wastewater or to produce fuels, in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material.
|
Scope 2 emissions are indirect GHG emissions associated with the purchase of electricity, steam, heat, or cooling and other non-process industrial usage. While scope 2 emissions occur at the industrial facility where they are physically generated (power plants or heating units), they are often accounted for in an organization’s GHG inventory because they are a result of that organization’s energy consumption within industrial locations.
Usually either purchased (in kWh or MWh) from a utility or an energy supplier and delivered to the industrial plant. Onsite combustion of fossil fuels to convert to electricity via plants owned by the organization will be counted as their stationary combustion, and thus scope 1.
Scope 3 emissions refer to greenhouse gas emissions that occur as a result of the activities of a company, but which occur outside of its direct control or ownership. These emissions are sometimes called "value chain" emissions because they are generated by activities within the company's value chain, including the production, transportation, and use of the company's products and services.
Direct GHG emissions associated with fuel combustion in owned or operated mobile sources, such as on-road vehicles (passenger vehicles, trucks) and off-road vehicles (planes, ships) or equipment (construction, agricultural, etc).
Usually either purchased (in kWh or MWh) from a utility or an energy supplier and delivered to the industrial plant. Onsite combustion of fossil fuels to convert to electricity via plants owned by the organization will be counted as their stationary combustion, and thus scope 1.